If a vehicle's speed doubles, what will happen to its stopping distance?

When a vehicle's speed doubles, the stopping distance increases significantly due to the physics of motion and momentum. The stopping distance comprises two main components: the perception/reaction distance and the braking distance.

When a vehicle is traveling at a higher speed, it requires more time to perceive a hazard and react accordingly; however, the primary factor affecting the dramatic increase in stopping distance is the braking distance. Braking distance is influenced by the speed of the vehicle in a non-linear way; it is proportional to the square of the speed. This means that if the speed doubles, the braking distance increases by a factor of four.

For example, if a vehicle initially takes a certain distance to stop when traveling at 30 mph, it may take four times that distance when it increases to 60 mph, assuming all other factors remain constant (e.g., same vehicle, same road conditions, same braking force). Thus, doubling the speed quadruples the kinetic energy of the vehicle, and this necessitates a more extended braking distance to dissipate that energy, resulting in a stopping distance that increases by four times.